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C4Z.J 


A  CONTRIBUTION  TO  THE  FLORA  OF  THE  LAKE 
SUPERIOR  REGION. 


BY  L.  S.  CHENEY. 


During  the  summer  of  1891,  through  the  kindness  of  Mr. 
F.  F.  Wood,  I  had  the  pleasure  of  doing  some  collecting  at 
various  points  in  northern  Wisconsin,  along  the  north  shore  of 
Lake  Superior,  and  along  the  boundary  between  Minnesota  and 
Ontario, — the  last  a  region  comparatively  little  known,  botan- 
ically.  It  is  with  the  permission  of  Mr.  Wood  that  I  make  use 
of  the  material  obtained  at  that  time,  in  this  brief  paper. 

Excluding  the  small  portion  in  Wisconsin,  the  region  under 
consideration  is  a  heavily  timbered  one,  made  up  in  greater 
part  of  a  series  of  parallel  ridges  running  east  and  west,  and 
separated  by  deep  narrow  lakes,  or  tamarack  or  cedar  swamps. 
Geologically,  the  rocks  of  the  region  belong  to  the  Algonkian 
age.  Along  the  course  of  the  Pigeon  river  and  boundary  to 
Gunflint  Lake,  the  Huronian  appears.  Between  Gunflint  Lake 
and  Lake  Seiganagah  the  Archaean  breaks  through,  giving  the 
name  Granite  River  to  the  short  stream  connecting  the  two 
bodies  of  water. 

From  Lake  Seiganagah  west  to  Tower,  the  Huronian  is  again 
the  surface  formation.  To  the  southwest  of  Gunflint  Lake,  the 
Archaean  again  appears  as  a  long  narrow  ridge  running  away  a 
hundred  or  more  miles  to  the  southwest.  This  ridge  is  known 
as  the  Mesabe  range.  Adjoining  this  range  on  the  south  is 
^another  narrow  strip  of  Huronian.  Over  the  remainder  of  the 
2  region,  the  Keweenawan  forms  the  surface  formation. 

Q  Collecting  was  done  at  Fond  du  Lac,  on  the  St.  Louis  river; 
1  along  the  lake  shore  from  Grand  Marais  to  Grand  Portage;  along 
j  the  old  Dawson  Canoe  route  (a  line  almost  identical  with  the 


t 


Bb?49 


234  Cheney — Flora  of  the  Lake  Superior  Legion. 

boundary  between  Minnesota  and  Ontario)  from  Grand  Portage 
to  Basswood  Lake;  from  this  lake,  along  the  canoe  route  com¬ 
monly  travelled,  to  Ely  and  Tower;  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Bar¬ 
ron,  Wisconsin.  The  work  was  begun  June  16th,  at  Fond  du 
Lac.  We  were  detained  ten  days  at  Grand  Marais,  awaiting 
the  construction  of  a  canoe.  At  Rove  Lake  we  were  obliged  to 
wait  four  days  for  provisions.  With  these  two  exceptions,  we 
never  stopped  longer  than  thirty-six  hours  at  a  place.  We 
generally  travelled  ten  to  twelve  miles  each  day,  collecting  on 
the  way.  We  reached  Tower  August  3d,  and  went  from  there 
to  Barron,  where  collecting  was  done  a  few  days  longer. 

The  list  of  plants  appended  include  four  new  to  the  region 
covered  by  Gray’s  Manual  (last  edition).  Of  these  Ribes  Hud- 
sonianum  has  not,  I  think,  been  previously  reported  from  far¬ 
ther  east  than  Montana;  Carex  obesa  var.  minor 1  has  not  been 
found  before  south  of  the  Saskatchewan.  Ranunculus  Lapponicus * 
is  new  to  the  United  States.  Deplophyllum  DicJcsoni  is  the 
fourth.  The  distribution  of  an  introduced  plant,  Ranunculus 
acris,  seems  worthy  of  special  mention.  It  was  observed  at  all 
old  fishing  stations  along  Lake  Superior.  At  Grand  Portage  it 
literally  covered  the  land  occupied  by  the  village,  and  also  the 
adjoining  fields, — perhaps  fifteen  acres  in  all.  From  this  vil¬ 
lage  the  plant  has  been  carried  westward  along  the  canoe  route 
to  the  portage  between  North  Lake  and  South  Lake,  a  distance 
of  sixty  miles.  It  was  observed  at  most  of  the  portages  be¬ 
tween  the  two  points,  usually  at  the  landings.  This  distribu¬ 
tion  was  evidently  effected  either  by  travellers  carrying  the 
flowers  or  seed,  intentionally  or  otherwise,  or  by  the  seed  ad¬ 
hering  to  the  hair  of  dogs  or  other  animals.  A  similar  distri¬ 
bution  from  the  village  may  be  looked  for  along  other  trails,  or 
canoe  routes. 

No  attempt  was  made  to  collect  specimens  of  the  larger 
shrubs  or  trees;  or  in  most  cases,  other  plants  known  or  sup¬ 
posed  to  be  widely  distributed.  Such  of  these,  however,  as 
were  identified  have  been  inserted  in  the  list.  I  desire  to  ac- 

1  See  “Notes  on  Carex.”  L.  H.  Bailey,  Bot.  Gaz.,  Vol  XVII,  No.  5. 

2  See  “  New  and  Noteworthy  North  American  Plants.”  John  M. 
Coulter  and  Elmon  M.  Fisher.  Bot.  Gaz.,  Vol.  XVII,  No  8. 


Distribution  of  Species. 


235 


knowledge  my  obligations  to  Dr.  L.  M.  Underwood,  of  De  Pauw 
University;  Dr.  J:  M.  Coulter,  of  Lake  Forest  University;  Dr. 
L.  H.  Bailey,  of  Cornell  University;  Dr.  C.  R.  Barnes,  of  the 
University  of  Wisconsin;  and  Mr.  R.  H.  True,  formerly  of  the 
University  of  Wisconsin,  for  aid  kindly  rendered. 

1.  Anemone  nemorosct ,  L. 

Grand'  Marais. 

2.  Coptis  trifolia ,  Salisb, 

Grand  Marais. 

3.  Ranunculus  acris ,  L. 

At  all  old  fishing  stations  along  the  north  shore  of 
Lake  Superior  and  on  most  of  the  portages  along  the 
boundary  between  Canada  and  Minnesota  west  to 
North  Lake. 

4.  Ranunculus' aqualitis,  L. ,  var.  trie  hop  hyllus,  Gray. 

Granite  River. 

5.  Ranunculus  Flammula ,  L. ,  var.  reptans ,  E.  Mayer. 

Partridge  Falls. 

6.  Ranunculus  hispidus ,  Hook. 

Devil’s  Track  River. 

7.  Ranunculus  Lapponicus ,  L. 

On  the  Duluth  and  Port  Arthur  trail,  three  miles 
west  of  Mawshequawcawmaw  River. 

8.  Ranunculus  Pennsylvanicus,  L.  f. 

Granite  River,  one  and  a  half  miles  below  Gunflint 
Lake. 

9.  Nuphar  advena ,  Ait.  f. 

Rove  Lake. 

10.  Nuphar  Kalmianum ,  Ait. 

Daniels  Lake  and  Basswood  Lake. 

11.  Nymphcea  odorata ,  Ait. 

Gunflint  Lake. 

12.  Nymphcea  odorata ,  Ait.,  var.  minor ,  Sims. 

Small  lake  on  portage  between  Moose  Lake  and 
Mountain  Lake. 

13.  Corydalis  aurea ,  Willd. 

Grand  Marais. 


236 

14. 

15. 

16. 


17. 

18. 
19. 


20. 


21. 


22. 


24. 


25. 


26. 

27. 


28. 


29. 


30. 


31. 


32. 


•  (  v 

Cheney — Flora  of  the  Lake  Superior  Region. 

Corydalis  glauca ,  Pursh. 

Grand  Marais  and  Devil’s  Track  River. 

Arabis  lyratg ,  L. 

Grand  Portage. 

Barbarea  vulgaris ,  R.  Br. 

Grand  Marais. 

Cardamine  hirsuta ,  L. 

Grand  Marais. 

Sisybrium  canescens ,  Nutt. 

Grand  Marais. 

Viola  rotundifolia ,  Michx. 

Fond  du  Lac. 

Elodes  campamdata ,  Pursh. 

Portage  between  Mud  Lake  and  Rat  Lake. 

Tilia  Americana ,  L. 

Fond  du  Lac. 

Oxalis  Acetosella ,  L. 

Grand  Marais. 

Acer  saccharinum,  Wang. 

Fond  du  Lac  and  Basswood  Lake. 

Acer  spicatum ,  Lam. 

Portage  at  east  end  of  Sucker  Lake. 

Rhus  glabra ,  L. 

Northern  outlet  of  Lake  Seiganagah. 

Lathy rus  maritimus ,  Bigelow. 

North  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  at  Scott's  Creek. 
Lathyrus  venosus ,  Muhl. 

On  portage  from  Pigeon  River  to  South  Fowl  Lake. 

Geum  rivale ,  L. 

Portage  between  North  Fowl  Lake  and  Moose  Lake. 
.Potentilla  fruticosa ,  L. 

Grand  Marais,  and  on  many  rocky  points  along 
the  north  shore  of  Lake  Superior. 

Potentilla  trident ata,  Ait. 

Usually  found  with  the  preceding. 

Pr unus  pumila ,  L. 

Island  at  east  end  of  Lake  Seiganagah. 

Prunus  serotina,  Ehrh. 

Fond  du  Lac  and  Grand  Marais. 


\ 


33. 


34. 


35. 

36. 

37. 

38. 

39. 

40. 

41. 

42. 

43. 

44. 

45. 

46. 

47. 

48. 

49. 

50. 

51. 


Distribution  of  Species.  237 

Primus  Virginiana ,  L. 

Grand  Marais. 

Rubus  Nutkanus ,  Mocino. 

Fond  du  Lac,  Grand  Marais,  and  portage  at  east 
end  of  Sucker  Lake. 

Rubus  occidentalism  L. 

Fond  du  Lac. 

Rubus  strigosus,  Michx. 

Common  on  all  clearings  and  burnt  districts. 

Rubus  villosus ,  Ait. 

Fond  du  Lac. 

Saxifraga  Aizoon,  Jacq. 

South  Fowl  Lake. 

Mitella  nuda ,  L. 

Fond  du  Lac  and  Grand  Marais. 

Heuchera  hispida ,  Pursh. 

Grand  Marais. 

Ribes  Gynosbati ,  L. 

Grand  Marais. 

Ribes  lacustre ,  Poir. 

Grand  Marais. 

Ribes  prostratum ,  L’Her. 

Grand  Marais. 

Ribes  Hudsonianum ,  Richards. 

Grand  Marais. 

Ribes  rubrum ,  L.,  var.  subglandulosum ,  Maxim. 

Grand  Marais. 

Drosera  rotundifolia,  L. 

Barron,  Mountain  Lake  and  Burntside  Lake. 

Drosera  intermedia ,  Hayne,  var.  Americana ,  DC. 

Barron. 

Hippuris  vulgarism  L. 

Grand  Marais. 

Epilobium  angustifoliumm  L. 

Abundant  everywhere  on  burnt  lands. 

CEnothera  biennis ,  L. 

West  of  Brule  River. 

CEnothera  pumilam  L. 

Granite  River  and  Oshkosh  Lake. 

18— A.  &  L. 


238 


52. 


53. 

54. 

55. 

56. 

57. 

58. 

59. 

60. 

61. 


62. 


63. 

64. 

65. 

66. 
67. 


Cheney — Flora  of  the  Lake  Superior  Region. 

Circaea  alpina ,  L. 

Partridge  Falls,  Pigeon  River. 

Aralia  hispida ,  Vent. 

Red  Rock,  north  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  and  west, 
end  of  portage  between  Rove  Lake  and  Mud  Lake. 
Cornus  Canadensis,  L. 

Fond  du  Lac,  Grand  Marais,  Grand  Portage,  and 
Granite  River. 

Sambucus  racemosa ,  L. 

Fond  du  Lac  and  Grand  Marais. 

Viburnum  pauciflorum ,  Pylaie. 

Grand  Marais  and  near  Brule  River. 

Linnaea  borealis ,  Gronov. 

Common  and  abundant. 

Lonicera  hirsuta ,  Eaton. 

On  the  portage  between  Grand  Portage  and  Pigeon 
River. 

Aster  macrophyllus ,  L. 

Fond  du  Lac,  Grand  Marais,  Grand  Portage,  Gran¬ 
ite  River  and  Basswood  Lake. 

Erigeron  Phil  a  delp  hicus ,  L. 

Portage  between  Pigeon  River  and  South  Fowl 
Lake. 

Antennaria  plantaginifolia ,  Hook. 

Grand  Marais. 

Anaphalis  margaritacea ,  Benth.  &  Hook. 

Eastern  extremity  of  Hunter’s  Island  and  Grand 
Marais. 

Lobelia  Dortmanna ,  L. 

Rove  Lake. 

Vaccinium  Canadense ,  Kalm. 

Grand  Marais,  Granite  River,  and  Gunflint  Lake. 
Vaccinium  uliginosum,  L. 

On  rocks  north  shore  of  Lake  Superior  ten  miles* 
west  of  Grand  Portage. 

Vaccinium  Vitis-Ldcea,  L. 

Grand  Marais. 

Vaccinium  Oxy coccus,  L. 

Grand  Marais. 


Distribution  of  Species. 


23a 


l 

*68. 

69. 

70. 

71. 

72. 

73. 

74. 

75. 

76. 

77. 

78. 

79. 

80. 
81. 
82. 
83. 

'84. 

85. 

86. 


Arctostciphylos  Uva-ursi ,  Spreng. 

Grand  Marais.  Along  the  lake  shore  at  Red  Rock. 
Andromeda  polifolia ,  L. 

Grand  Marais. 

Kalmia  glauca ,  Ait. 

Grand  Marais. 

Chimaphila  umbellata ,  Nutt. 

Granite  River,  and  on  an  island  at  the  east  end  of 
Lake  Seiganagah. 

Moneses  grandiflora ,  Salisb. 

Fond  du  Lac,  Grand  Marais,  and  Rove  Lake. 

Pyrola  minor ,  L. 

South  Fowl  Lake. 

Pyrola  secunda ,  L. 

Rove  Lake. 

Pyrola  chlorantha ,  Swartz. 

Pigeon  River  near  Partridge  Falls. 

Pyrola  elliptica,  Nutt. 

Portage  between  Mud  Lake  and  Rat  Lake. 

Pyrola  rotundifolia,  L .,  var.  incarnata,  DC. 

Partridge  Falls  on  Pigeon  River. 

Primula  Mistassinica,  Michx. 

Grand  Marais’. 

Trientalis  Americana ,  Pursh. 

Grand  Marais. 

Steironema  ciliatum ,  Raf. 

Island  at  the  east  end  of  Lake  Seiganagah. 
Lysimachia  stricta4  Ait. 

Mud  Lake,  Cook  County. 

Halenia  deflexa ,  Grisebach. 

Grand  Marais. 

Phacelia  Franklinii ,  Gray. 

Thompsonite  Bay,  six  miles  west  of  Grand  Marais. 
Mertensia  paniculata ,  Don. 

Fond  du  Lac. 

Physalis  grandiflora ,  Hook. 

Ely. 

Mimulus  ringens ,  L. 

Portage  between  North  Lake  and  Gunflint  Lake.. 


240 


Cheney — Flora  of  the  Lake  Superior  Region. 


87.  Castilleia  pallida,  Kunth.,  var.  septentrionalis,  Gray. 

North  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  five  miles  west  of 
Grand  Portage. 

88.  Euphrasia  officinalis,  L.,  var.  Tatarica ,  Benth. 

Grand  Marais. 

89.  Melampyrum  Americanum,  Michx. 

North  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  five  miles  west  of 
Grand  Portage. 

90.  Utricularia  vydgaris,  L. 

Granite  River. 

91.  Pinguicida  vulgaris,  L. 

At  Grand  Marais  and  other  places  on  rocks  along  the 
lake  shore  east  to  Grand  Portage. 

92.  Ly copus  sinuatus,  Ell. 

93.  Calamintha  Clinopodium ,  Benth. 

Portage  between  Lake  Seiganagah  and  Oshkosh 
Lake. 

94.  Lophanthus  anisatus,  Benth. 

Portage  between  Burntside  Lake  and  Mud  Lake. 

95.  Scutellaria  lateriflora,  L. 

On  an  Island  at  the  west  end  of  Lake  Seiganagah. 

96.  Scutellaria  galericulata ,  L. 

With  S.  lateriflora. 

97.  Brunella  vulgaris,  L. 

Grand  Portage  and  Tower. 

98.  Plantago  major,  L. 

At  the  mouth  of  Devil’s  Track  River. 

99.  Polygonum  tenue,  Michx. 

At  Grand  Marais  and  Devil’s  Track  River. 

100.  Polygonum  amphihium,  L. 

Granite  River  and  Basswood  Lake. 

101.  Polygonum  viviparum,  L. 

Grand  Marais. 

102.  Asarum  Canadense ,  L. 

Fond  du  Lac  and  Grand  Marais. 

103.  Ulmus  Americana,  L. 

Fond  du  Lac,  Grand  Marais,  and  occasional  along 
the  boundary  between  Minnesota  and  Ontario. 


Distribution  of  Species. 


241 


104.  Myrica  asplenifolia ,  Endl. 

'Large  island  in  the  west  end  of  Lake  Seiganagah 

105.  Betula  lenta ,  L. 

Common  throughout  the  region. 

106.  Betula  papyrif era,  Marshall. 

Common  and  more  abundant  than  B.  lenta . 

107.  Betula  pumila,  L. 

Borders  of  lakes  along  the  boundary  between  Minne¬ 
sota  and  Ontario. 

108.  Betula  glanclulosa,  Michx. 

Rat  Lake. 

109.  Alnus  viridis ,  DC. 

Grand  Marais,  Scott’s  Creek  and  Brule  River, 

110.  Alnus  incana,  Willd. 

Grand  Marais. 

111.  Corylus  Americana,  Walt. 

Fond  du  Lac.  Grand  Portage. 

112.  Corylus  rostrata,  Ait. 

Fond  du  Lac,  Grand  Marais,  Grand  Portage,  and 
everywhere  along  the  route  to  Tower. 

113.  Quercus  macrocarpa,  Michx. 

On  portage  between  Lake  Seiganagah  and  Oshkosh 
Lake. 

114.  Populus  tremuloides,  Michx. 

Common. 

115.  Populus  grandidentata ,  Michx. 

Common. 

116.  Populus  balsamifera,  L. 

Mountain  Lake  and  Moose  Lake. 

117.  Pinus  Strobus ,  L. 

This  species,  with  P.  resinosa,  common  throughout 
the  region. 

118.  Pinus  Banksiana ,  Lambert. 

Brule  River,  Red  Rock,  and  along  the  boundary  be- 
.  tween  Minnesota  and  Ontario  west  to  Basswood 
Lake. 

119.  Pinus  resinosa ,  Ait. 


f 


242  Cheney — Flora  of  the  Lake  Superior  Region. 

120.  Picea  nigra ,  Link. 

Common  in  the  swamps. 

121.  Abies  balsamea,  Miller. 

Observed  at  all  points  along  the  route. 

122.  Larex  Americana ,  Michx. 

North  Lake. 

123.  Thuya  occidentalism  L. 

A  common  tree  in  swamps. 

124.  Juniperus  Virginiana,  L. 

Observed  at  several  points  along  Lake  Superior. 

125.  Taxus  Canadensis ,  Willd. 

Fond  du  Lac. 

126.  Calypso  borealis ,  Salisb. 

G-rand  Marais. 

127.  Corallorhiza  innata ,  R.  Brown. 

Fond  du  Lac. 

128.  Listera  cordata ,  R.  Brown. 

Rosebud  Creek,  Brule  River,  and  Rove  Lake. 

129.  Listera  convallarioides ,  Nutt. 

Brule  River. 

130.  Spirantlies  Romanzoffiana ,  Cham. 

Portage  between  Long  Lake  arid  Burntside  Lake,  and 
on  a  the  large  island  at  east  end  of  Lake  Seiganagah. 

131.  Spircmthes  gracilis ,  Bigelow. 

Portage  between  Long  Lake  and  Fall  Lake. 

132.  Goody  era  repens ,  R.  Br. 

Collected  at  many  points  along  the  route.  Common 

133.  Habenaria  liyperborea ,  R.  Br. 

Portage  between  Rat  Lake  and  South  Lake. 

134.  Habenaria  obtusata ,  Richardson. 

Common  everywhere. 

135.  Habenaria  Hookeri ,  Torr. 

Granite  River  and  at  the  east  end  of  Knife  Lake. 

136.  Habenaria  crbicidata ,  Torr. 

* 

Rove  Lake. 

137.  Habenaria  psy codes ,  Gray. 

Granite  River  and  Otter  Track  Lake. 

138.  Cypripedium  acaule ,  Ait. 

Granite  River. 


Distribution  of  Species. 


243 


A 

139.  Iris  versicolor,  L. 

Grand  Marais. 

140.  Sisyrin chin m  angustif olium ,  Mill. 

Grand  Marais. 

141.  Smilacina  trifolia ,  Desf. 

Near  Brule  River. 

142.  Maianthemum  Canadense,  Desf. 

Fond  du  Lac  and  Grand  Marais. 

143.  Streptopus  amplexifolius ,  DC. 

Grand  Marais. 

144.  Streptopus  roseus,  Michx. 

Grand  Marais. 

145.  Clintonia  borealis ,  Raf. 

Fond  du  Lac  and  Grand  Marais. 

146.  Lilium  Philadelphicum,  L. 

Observed  at  two  or  three  points  along  Lake  Supe¬ 
rior  between  Grand  Marais  and  Grand  Portage. 

147.  Tofieldia  palustris ,  Hudson. 

Grand  Marais. 

148.  Luzula  spadicea ,  DC.,  var.  melanocarpa,  Meyer. 

Devil’s  Track  River. 

149.  Sparganium  minimum ,  Fries. 

South  Fowl  Lake  and  Sucker  Lake. 

150.  Sagittaria  variabilis ,  Engelm. 

Fall  River  and  Fall  Lake. 

151.  Sagittaria  heterophylla ,  Pursh. 

With  S.  variabilis. 

152.  Potamogeton  natans ,  L. 

Common  in  all  inland  waters. 

153.  Potamogeton  Pennsylvanicus ,  Cham. 

Rove  Lake. 

154.  Potamogeton  amplifolius,  Tuckerm. 

Rove  Lake. 

155.  Potamogeton  heterophyllus ,  Schreb. 

Rove  Lake. 

156.  Potamogeton  pauciflorus ,  Pursh. 

Rove  Lake. 

157.  Eriocaulon  septangulare ,  Withering. 

Lake  Seiganagah  and  small  pond  east  cf  Sucker 
Lake. 


244  Cneney — Flora  of  the  Lake  Superior  Region. 

158.  Scirpus  fiuviatilis,  Gray. 

Island  at  . the  east  end  of  Lake  Seiganagah. 

159.  Carex  paucifiora,  Lightf. 

Rove  Lake. 

160.  Car  ex  intumescens ,  Rudge. 

South  Fowl  Lake. 

161.  Carex  lupulina ,  Muhl.,  var.  pedunculata ,  Dewey. 

Pigeon  River. 

162.  Carex  utriculata,  Boott. 

Mosquito  Bay,  Gunflint  Lake. 

163.  Carex  monile ,  Tuckerm. 

South  Fowl  Lake. 

164.  Carex  Tuckermani ,  Dewey. 

Ely  and  Barron. 

165.  Carex  retrorsa ,  Schwein. 

Mosquito  Bay,  Gunflint  Lake. 

166.  Carex  Pseudo-  Cyperus,  L. 

Portage  at  east  end  of  Otter  Track  Lake. 

167.  Carex  JLoughtonii,  Torr. 

Grand  Marais  and  Mosquito  Bay,  Gunflint  Lake. 

168.  Carex  jili formis,  L. 

Grand  Marais  and  Mountain  Lake. 

169.  Carex  riparia ,  W.  Curtis. 

Grand  Marais. 

170.  Carex  alpina, ,  Swartz. 

Grand  Marais. 

171.  Carex  f  usca,  All. 

Grand  Marais. 

172.  Carex  stricta ,  Lam. 

Grand  Marais. 

173.  Carex  crinita,  Lam. 

Barron. 

174.  Carex  Magellamca ,  Lam. 

Island  at  the  east  end  of  Lake  Seiganagah. 

175.  Carex  limosa ,  L. 

Grand  Marais  and  Daniels  Lake. 

176.  Carex  arctata ,  Boott. 

Shore  of  Lake  Superior  near  Brule  River. 


Distribution  of  Species. 


177.  Carex  flava,  L. 

Island  at  the  east  end  of  Lake  Seiganagah. 

178.  Carex  flava,  L.,  var.  viridula ,  Bailey. 

Island  at  the  east  end  of  Lake  Seiganagah. 

179.  Carex  livida,  Willd. 

Grand  Marais. 

180.  Carex  aurea ,  Nutt. 

Granite  River  near  Pine  Lake. 

181.  Carex  varia ,  Muhl. 

Grand  Marais. 

182.  Carex  obesa,  All.,  var.  minor,  Boott. 

South  Fowl  Lake. 

183.  Carex  polytrichoides ,  Muhl. 

Mawshequawcawmaw  River. 

184.  Carex  tenella,  Schkuhr. 

Rove  Lake. 

185.  Carex  canescens ,  L. 

Rove  Lake. 

186.  Carex  canescens,  L. ,  var.  polystachya ,  Boott. 

Mosquito  Bay,  Gunflint  Lake.  v 

187.  Carex  trisperma,  Dewey. 

Rove  Lake. 

188.  Carex  tribuloides,  Wahl.,  var.  Bebbii,  Bailey. 

Grand  Marais. 

189.  Carex  scoparia,  Schkuhr. 

Mosquito  Bay,  Gunflint  Lake. 

190.  Carex  adusta,  Boott. 

Mosquito  Bay,  Gunflint  Lake. 

191.  Carex  straminea,  Willd. 

-Grand  Marais. 

192.  Panicum  depauperation,  Muhl. 

Mud  Lake,  Cook  County. 

193.  Panicum  dichotomum,  L. 

Knife  Lake. 

194.  Zizania  aquatica,  L. 

Fall  Lake. 

195.  Phalaris  arundinacea ,  L. 

Gunflint  Lake. 


246 


Cheney — Flora  of  the  Lake  Superior  Region. 


196.  Hierochloe  borealis ,  Roem.  &  Schultes. 

Grand  Portage. 

197.  Oryzopsis  Canadensis ,  Torr. 

Gunflint  Lake. 

198.  Muhlenbergia  glomerata ,  Trin. 

Portage  between  Burntside  Lake  and  Mud  Lake. 

199.  Brachyelytrum  aristatum ,  Beauv. 

Rove  Lake. 

200.  Phleum  pratense ,  L. 

At  all  old  settlements.  Introduced. 

201.  Alopecurus  geniculatus ,  L. 

At  the  east  end  of  Basswood  Lake. 

202.  Agrostris  scabra ,  Willd. 

Falls  on  Granite  River  one  and  a  half  miles  below 
Gunflint  Lake. 

203.  Calamagrostis  Canadensis ,  Beauv. 

South  Fowl  Lake. 

204.  Calamagrostis  strictd,  Trin. 

Along  the  shore  of  Lake  Superior  four  miles  west  of 
Grand  Portage. 

205.  Deschampsia  ccespitosa ,  Beauv. 

Grand  Portage. 

206.  Deschampsia  ccespitosa ,  Beauv.,  var.  Vasey. 

Grand  Marais. 

207.  Trisetum  subspicatum ,  Beauv. 

Grand  Marais. 

208.  Arena  striata ,  Michx. 

Scott’s  Creek. 

209.  Danthonia  spicata ,  Beauv. 

Gunflint  Lake. 

210.  Poa  nemordlis ,  L. 

Grand  Portage. 

211.  Poa  nemoralis .  L.,  var.  Vasey. 

North  shore  of  Lake  Superior  ten  miles  west  of 
Grand  Portage. 

212.  Poa  serotina ,  Ehrhart. 

South  Lake  Portage. 

213.  Poa  pratensis,  L. 

South  Lake  Portage. 


it 

) 


Distribution  of  Species. 


247 


214.  Poa  pratensis,  L.,  var.  Vasey. 

G-rand  Marais. 

215.  Glyceria  Canadensis ,  Trin. 

Portage  between  Burntside  Lake  and  Mud  Lake. 

216.  Glyceria  nervata ,  Trin. 

Ely,  Fall  Lake,  Gunflint  Lake  and  G-rand  Marais. 

217.  Glyceria  grandis ,  Watson. 

Ely. 

218.  Glyceria  Jluitans,  R.  Br.,  var.  minor ,  Vasey. 

Portage  at  western  extremity  of  Gunflint  Lake  and 
North  Lake  Portage. 

219.  Festuca  tenella ,  Willd. 

South  Fowl  Lake. 

220.  Festuca  ovina,  L. 

Grand  Marais.  * 

221.  Bromus  ciliatus,  L. 

Scott’s  Creek. 

222.  Bromus  Kalmii,  Gray. 

Portage  between  Burntside  Lake  and  Mud  Lake. 

223.  Agropyrum  tenerum ,  Vasey. (?) 

Rove  Lake. 

224.  Elymus  Canadensis ,  L. 

Grand  Marais  and  portage  at  east  end  of  Sucker 
Lake. 

225.  Aspidium  fragrans ,  Swartz. 

Parttidge  Falls  on  Pigeon  River,  and  at  the  falls  at 
the  northern  outlet  of  Lake  Seiganagah. 

226.  Osmunda  regalis,  L. 

Partridge  Portage. 

227.  Botrychium  Lunaria ,  Swartz. 

At  the  mouth  of  the  Brule  River,  on  the  west  bank. 

228.  Lycopodium  annotinum ,  L. 

This,  with  the  three  following,  were  observed 
throughout  the  region.  None,  however,  were  col¬ 
lected. 

229.  Lycopodium  obscurum ,  L.,  var.  dendroideum ,  Watson. 

230.  Lycopodium  clavatum ,  L. 

231.  Lycopodium  complanatum ,  L. 


248  Cheney — Flora  of  the  Lake  Superior  Region. 

232.  Selayinella  spinosa,  Beauv. 

Grand  Marais. 

233.  Selayinella  rupestris ,.  Spreng. 

Grand  Marais,  South  Fowl  Lake,  and  Rove  Lake. 

234.  Sphagnum  cymbifolium,  Ehrh. 

Burntside  Lake. 

235.  Sphagnum  fimbriatum,  Wils. 

Burntside  Lake. 

236.  Sphagnum  acutifolium ,  Ehrh.  x 

Grand  Marais. 

237.  Sphagnum  Girgensohnii ,  Russ. 

Burntside  Lake. 

238.  Sphagnum  Wuljianum ,  Girgens, 

Burntside  Lake. 

239.  Sphagnum  intermedium ,  Hoffm. 

Burntside  Lake. 

240.  Cynodontium  polycarpum ,  Schimp. 

Grand  Marais. 

241.  Cynodontium  polycarpum ,  Schimp.,  var.  strumiferumr 

Schimp. 

Grand  Marais. 

242.  Cynodontium  virens,  Schimp.,  var.  Wahlenbergii,  Bruch.  & 

Schimp. 

Grand  Marais. 

243.  Dicranum  montanum ,  Hedw. 

Ely. 

244.  Dicranum  flagellare ,  Hedw. 

Rat  Lake  and  Barron. 

245.  Dicranum  fuscescens,  Turn. 

Grand  Marais. 

246.  Dicranum  scoparium,  Hedw. 

Fond  du  Lac. 

247.  Dicranum  Drummondi,  Muell. 

Grand  Marais. 

248.  Dicranum  unduldtum ,  Turn. 

Rove  Lake. 

249.  Fissidens  incurvus ,  Schwaegr. 

Grand  Marais. 


Distribution  of  Species. 


249 


250.  Fissidens  adiantoides ,  Hedw. 

G-rand  Marais  and  Basswood  Lake- 

251.  Fissidens  adiantoides ,  Hedw.,  var.  hnmarginatus ,  Lindb. 

Gunflint  Lake. 

252.  Ceratodon  purpureus,  Brid. 

Collected  at  Grand  Marais.  Very  common. 

253.  Distichium  capillaceum ,  Bruch.  &  Schimp. 

Brand  Marais. 

254.  Distichium  inclinatum ,  Bruch.  &  Schimp. 

Grand  Marais. 

255.  Blindia  acuta ,  Bruch.  &  Schimp. 

Grand  Marais. 

256.  Leptotrichum  glaucescens ,  Hampe. 

Grand  Marais. 

257.  Grimmia  apocarpa ,  Hedw. 

Grand  Marais. 

258.  Grimmia  apocarpa ,  Hedw.,  var.  rivularis ,  Nees  &  Hornsch. 

Grand  Marais. 

259.  Grimmia  unicolor ,  Grev. 

Grand  Marais. 

260.  Racomitrium  fascicular e,  Brid. 

Grand  Marais. 

261.  Hedwigia  ciliata ,  Ehrh. 

Grand  Marais. 

262.  Amphoridium  Lapponicus ,  Schimp. 

Brule  River. 

263.  Hutchinsice,  Schimp. 

Grand  Marais. 

264.  Ortliotrichum  speciosum ,  Nees. 

Grand  Marais. 

265.  Encalypta  ciliata ,  Hedw. 

Grand  Marais. 

266.  Tetraphis  pellucida ,  Hedw. 

Grand  Marais. 

267.  Tetraplodon  mnioides ,  Bruch.  &  Schimp. 

Lake  shore  five  miles  west  of  Grand  Marais.  Near  the 
Mawshequawcawmaw  River. 

268.  Funaria  hygrometrica ,  Sibth. 

Common.  Collected  near  Grand  Marais. 


250 


Cheney — Flora  of  the  Lalce  Superior  Region. 


269.  Bartramia  pomiformis ,  Hedw. 

Grand  Marais,  Partridge  Falls  on  Pigeon  River,  and 
falls  at  the  northern  outlet  of  Lake  Seiganagah. 

270.  Philonotis  fontana ,  Brid. 

Grand  Marais. 

271.  Leptobryum  pyriforme,  Schimp. 

Burntside  Lake. 

272.  Weber  a  polymorpha ,  Schimp. 

Lake  shore  three  miles  east  of  Grand  Marais. 

273.  Weber  a  nutans ,  Hedw. 

Ely. 

274.  Bryum  bimum ,  Schreb. 

Grand  Marais. 

275.  Bryum  roseum ,  Schreb. 

Fond  du  Lac,  Grand  Marais,  and  Barron. 

276.  Mnium  cuspidatum ,  Hedw. 

Grand  Marais. 

277.  Mnium  affine ,  Bland. 

Fond  du  Lac. 

278.  Mnium  orthorhynchum ,  Bruch.  &  Schimp. 

Knife  Lake. 

279.  Mnium  subglobosum ,  Bruch.  &  Schimp. 

Fond  du  Lac. 

280.  Aulacomnium  palustre ,  Schwaegr. 

Granite  River. 

281.  Atrichum  angustatum ,  Bruch.  &  Schimp. 

Barron. 

282.  Pogonatum  alpinum ,  Roehl. 

Lake  shore  one  mile  west  of  Grand  Marais. 

283.  Pogonatum  alpinum ,  Roehl.,  var.  arcticum ,  Brid. 

Granite  River. 

284.  Polytrichum  gracile ,  Menz. 

Burntside  Lake. 

285.  Polytrichum  junipermum,  Willd. 

Grand  Marais. 

286.  Fontinalis  antipyretica ,  Linn.,  var.  gigantea ,  Sulliv. 

Mud  Lake,  Cook  County. 

287.  Meeker  a  pennata,  Hedw. 

Fond  du  Lac  and  Weyerhauser. 


Distribution  of  Species. 


251 


288.  Neckera  oligocarpa ,  Bruch.  &  Schimp. 

Grand  Marais. 

289.  Leucodon  sciuroides ,  Schwaegr. 

Falls  at  the  northern  outlet  of  Lake  Seiganagah. 

290.  Myurella  julacea ,  Bruch.  &  Schimp. 

Rove  Lake. 

291.  Leskea  obscura ,  Hedw. 

Falls  at  the  northern  outlet  of  Lake  Seiganagah. 

292.  Anomodon  rostratus ,  Schimp. 

Falls  at  the  northern  outlet  of  Lake  Seiganagah. 

293.  Anomodon  obtusi/olius,  Bruch.  &  Schimp. 

Fond  du  Lac. 

294.  Pylaisia  polyantha ,  Bruch.  &  Schimp. 

RoveLake  and  Grand  Marais. 

295.  Pylaisia  intricata,  Bruch.  &  Schimp. 

Rove  Lake. 

296.  Pylaisia  velutina,  Bruch.  &  Schimp. 

Ely. 

297.  Climacium  dendroides,  Web.  &  Mohr. 

Brule  River  near  where  it  empties  into  Lake  Supe¬ 
rior. 

298.  Hypnum  graciley  Bruch.  &  Schimp. 

•  Barron. 

299.  Hypnum  recognitum ,  Hedw. 

Fond  du  Lac. 

300.  Hypnum  delieatulum ,  Linn. 

Barron. 

301.  Hypnum  loetum ,  Brid. 

Burntside  Lake  and  Barron. 

302.  Hypnum  salebrosum ,  Hoffm. 

Falls  at  the  northern  outlet  of  Lake  Seiganagah. 

303.  Hypnum  plumosum,  Swartz. 

Grand  Marais. 

304.  Hypnum  strigosum ,  Hoffm. 

Grand  Marais. 

305.  Hypnum  recurvans,  Schwaegr. 

Gunflint  Lake. 


252  Cheney — Flora  of  the  Lake  Superior  Region. 

306.  Hypnum  serrulatum ,  Hedw. 

Burntside  Lake. 

307.  Hypnum  turfaceum ,  Lindb. 

Ely. 

308.  Hypnum  denticulatum ,  Linn. 

Granite  River. 

309.  Hypnum  sylvatieum ,  Huds.,  var.  orthocladium ,  L.  &  J. 

Granite  River. 

310.  Hypnum  serpens ,  Linn. 

Ely. 

311.  Hypnum  orthocladon ,  Beauv. 

Falls  at  the  northern  outlet  of  Lake  Seiganagah. 

312.  Hypnum  irriguum ,  Hook.  &  Wils. 

Falls  at  the  northern  outlet  of  Lake  Seiganagah. 

313.  Hypnum  hispidulum ,  Brid. 

Barron. 

314.  Hypnum  ehrysophyllum ,  Brid. 

Barron. 

315.  Hypnum  stellatum ,  Schreb. 

Burntside  Lake. 

316.  Hypnum  aduncum,  Hedw.,  var. 

Mawshequawcawmaw  River. 

317.  Hypyium  uncinatum ,  Hedw. 

Ely. 

318.  Hypnum  uncinatum ,  Hedw.,  var.  plumulosum ,  Bruch.  & 

Schimp. 

Burntside  Lake. 

319.  Hypnum  crista-castrensis ,  Linn. 

Fond  du  Lac,  Grand  Marais  and  Brule  River. 

320.  Hypnum  reptile ,  Michx. 

Burntside  Lake. 

321.  Hypnum  impo?iens,  Hedw. 

Gunflint  Lake. 

322.  Hypnum  arcuatum ,  Lindb. 

Barron. 

323.  Hypnum  pratense ,  Koch,  Ms. 

Burntside  Lake. 


324.  Hypnum  Ilaldanianum ,  Grev. 

Barron  and  Fond  du  Lac. 

325.  IF ypynum  palustre,  Huds. 

Grand  Marais. 

326.  Hypnum  palustre,  Huds.,  var.  hamulosum,  L.  &  J. 

Grand  Marais. 

327.  Hypnum  cordi/olium,  Hedw. 

Barron  and  Burntside  Lake. 

328.  Hypnum  Schreberi ,  Willd. 

Grand  Marais. 

329.  Hypnum  splendens ,  Hedw. 

Fond  du  Lac. 

330.  Hypnum  triquetrum ,  Linn. 

Barron  and  Fond  du  Lac. 

331.  Fru, llemia  Eboracensis ,  Lehm. 

Fond  du  Lac. 

332.  Radula  complanata ,  Dumort. 

Fond  du  Lac. 

333.  Porella  platyphylla,  Lindb. 

Fond  du  Lac. 

334.  Ptilidium  ciliare ,  Nees. 

Grand  Marais  and  Mawshequawcawmaw  River. 

335.  Blepharo stoma  trickophyllum ,  Dumort. 

Grand  Marais. 

336.  Cephcdozia  multiflora ,  Spruce. 

Grand  Marais. 

337.  Diplophyllum  Dicksoni ,  Dumort. 

Grand  Marais. 

338.  Plagiocliila  ctsplenoides ,  Dumort. 

Grand  Marais. 

339.  Jungermannia  barbata ,  Schreb. 

Lake  Seiganagah. 

340.  Scapania  exsectet ,  Aust. 

Grand  Marais. 

341.  Pellia  epipliylla ,  Raddi. 

Brule  River. 

342.  Pellia  endivicefolia ,  Dumort. 

Barron . 

19  A  &  L 


254  Cheney — Flora  of  the  Lake  Superior  Region. 

343.  Preissia  hemisphcerica ,  Cogn. 

Grand  Marais. 

344.  Riccia  fluxions ,  L.  * 

Barron. 

345.  Riccia  natans,  L.  j 

Ely. 

Madison,  Wis.,  Feb.  22,  1893. 


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